The Authorization OSID manages and queries authorizations.

Authorizations

An Authorization is an OsidRelationship that defines who can do what to what. The grammar of an authorization incluides the subject or the actor (who), the action or verb (do what), and the object or context (to what). All three of these components must exist in an authorization for it to have any explicit meaning. An Authorization is a mapping among these three components.

• Agent: the actor (eg: tom@coppeto.org)
• Function: the action (eg: create purchase order)
• Qualifier: the object or context within a Function (eg: on account 1967)

This tuple in essence defines a role. "Instructor" is not a role and is not suitable for making an authorization decision. "Instructs Physics 101", both the function and qualifier, defines the complete role (within the context of a particular college) that can be used for an authorization decision.

The basic service of the Authorization OSID is to provide a means for asking whether a given Agent is authorized to perform a Function with a Qualifier, in other words, if such a mapping exists. The Agent will generally be obtained from an Authentication service and the Function and Qualifier generally known to the consuming application (a server process needing to protect some resource).

Example

                         
                         
                         Authentication auth = authNValidationSession.authenticate(creds);
                         
                         AuthorizationSession session = authZManager.getAuthorizationSession();
                         boolean authorized = session.isAuthorized(auth.getAgentId(), functionId, qualifierId);
                         
                                 
                         
                    

The rest of the Authorization OSID is concerned with managing authorizations.

Explicit/Implicit Authorizations

Authorizations can be explcit or implcit. Explicit authorizations are managed while implcit authorizations are derived from Resources, Function and Qualifier hierrachies. Examples of implcit authorizations:

• The Authorization OSID can accept a Resource in lieu of an Agent as the actor so a Person, Group or Organization may be used to specify an authorization. In this case, the explicit authorization is the one containing the Resource and an implicit authorization exists for each Agent.
• Qualifiers only exist as Hierarchy Nodes since the Authorization OSID does not manage the objects used as qualifiers but may manage directly, or have access to, a Hierarchy service to obtain the identity and relationship among these objects. An explicit authorization for a given Qualifier creates an implcit authorization for every child of that Qualifier.

The Authorization OSID manages Functions directly through its owned defined sessions and exposes actors via the Resource OSID. Qualifiers are only exposed through the Hierarchy service as the Authorization service doesn't have anything to say about the objects represented by the Qualifiers.

Vault Cataloging

Authorizations, Functions and Qualifiers may be organized into one or many Vaults. This serves to categorize authorizatiion data for the purpose of browsing or auditing. Vaults are hierarchical where each node includes all the authorization data of its children. A single root node will make available all known authorizations and is a reasonable choice for a default Vault for a non-federated aware consumer. A federated authorization scheme is one in which Vaults are available for selection.

Notifications

Certain consumers may wish to be notified of changes within the service. Authorization supports notifications via AuthorizatioNotificationSession, FunctionNotificationSession and VaultNotificationSession.

                         
                         
                         if (manager.supportsAuthorizationNotification()) {
                             AuthorizationNotificationSession ans = manager.getAuthorizationNotificationSession(receiver);           
                             ans.registerForDeletedAuthorizations();
                         }
                         
                         AuthorizationReceiver receiver {
                             newAuthorization(Authorization a) {print("authorization created");}
                             deletedAuthorization(Authorization a) {print("authorization removed");}
                         }
                         
                                 
                         
                    

Sub Packages

The Authorization OSID includes an Authorization Rules OSID for managing the effectiveness of Authorizations.